Lactic acid is an alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid (AHA) that provides a surface exfoliation for smoother skin texture and increased radiance. This formula is supported by the addition of purified Tasmanian pepperberry extract to soothe the skin in an effort to reduce the sensitivity associated with acid use. The formula is further supported by the addition of hyaluronic acid for multi-purpose hydration. A milder 5% formula is available here. The pH of this formula is approximately 3.8, and lactic acid has a pKa of 3.8. The pKa value is the most important aspect to consider in formulations containing acids, as pKa indicates the availability of the acid. As pKa approaches the pH, an ideal balance between salt content and acidity is achieved, optimizing the efficacy of the acid and reducing the risk of irritation. In such a case, an increase in the pH value would lead to an increase in salt concentration, making the formula even more irritating than if the formula were more acidic. Contraindications: Lactic acid should not be used on sensitive, peeling, or damaged skin. Consult the additional note regarding sun protection and other warnings in the provided guidelines. The pH of this formula is approximately 3.8. Lactic acid has a pKa of 3.8, and pKa is the most important aspect to consider in formulations containing acids, as pKa indicates the availability of the acid. As pKa approaches the pH, an ideal balance between salt content and acidity is achieved, optimizing the effectiveness of the acid and reducing irritation. In such a case, an increase in the pH value would lead to an increase in salt content, making the formula even more irritating than if the formula were more acidic. Note: Although lactic acids can produce quickly visible results, we generally recommend indirect forms of skin peeling rather than direct forms like this formula due to the potential inflammation and sensitivity associated with acids. Notes: 1. The Tasmanian pepperberry derivative in this formula is of plant origin, and the color will therefore vary seasonally. This color variation may be visible in the formula from time to time. 2. Although exfoliating acids can provide quickly visible benefits, we generally recommend indirect forms of skin peeling for a gentler approach. Consult the NIOD Non-Acid Acid Precursor for such a reference source.
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